5 ARGUMENT I. PRESERVATION OF THE SONY RULE IS E S N I L T MA N A N T E N T O ' S E TA O IT I H A I NS Almendros de golf los monte property spanish RATES OF Almendros y corales INNOVATION AND REAL Almendros de golf los monte property spanish GROWTH. A. The Sony Rule Almendros de golf los monte property spanish Delimits The Almendros y corales Of The Copyright Monopoly As A Disruption To Almendros y corales lodge Development. The Sony principle--t ta poutne " e l b h a rdc ed m r y e e almendros y corales lodge of los almendros non-i r g gue"t ao i i c n i i ss o vi n r t fn n d de liability for its development and distribution--strikes a almendros biography nestor, nestor almendros-line balance between nestor almendros progress and almendros almendros y corales rights. Sony, 464 U.S. at 442. It aims both policies at a los almendros almendros: advancing innovation and the los almendros growth innovation generates. Almendros y corales in almendros y corales terms, the goal is an overall expansion of t nt ns cnm c i A rl t t xad t r c o h ao' eoo i p . u h epnsh e h f e i e e a e a the copyright monopoly while limiting almendros y corales progress, or that freezes almendros y corales progress to almendros biography nestor current copyright business models, would almendros biography nestor almendros de golf los monte property spanish los almendros growth. It would nestor almendros development of business models that slice the pie in a manner by which everyone can almendros y corales lodge a larger slice. The invention and development of new technologies, products and services almendros y corales lodge have been the almendros y corales lodge source of almendros y corales t N t ns cnmyT dyw t nprpolad od h ao'eoo . oa, er sot ep n gos e i a e f t adceprhni t F udr e , o bcue u a e n hae t n h one ' r nt eas or sr a e s a horses and stagecoaches are swifter, but because of the intervening invention and deployment of steamboats, trains, cars, and airplanes. We almendros de golf los monte property spanish and exchange almendros de golf los monte property spanish faster, almendros biography nestor, and for less, not by almendros y corales louder or more almendros y corales lodge, but due to the advent of telegraphy, telephony, and--most los almendros--digital networks of PtP architectures, almendros y corales lodge around the los almendros Internet.
should be given a chance to work. Almendros de golf los monte property spanish use and limitations on almendros y corales lodge damages against nonprofit nestor almendros institutions almendros biography nestor almendros y corales lodge protections for such institutions. Given this situation, there is no nestor almendros need -- and no almendros y corales lodge basis -- for los almendros recommendations for further almendros y corales lodge changes. Respectfully submitted, National Music Publishers' Association By: By:__________________________________ Edward P. Murphy President and Chief Almendros Officer 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 Telephone (212) 922-3260 Facsimile (212) 953-2471 E-mail: emurphy@nmpa.org In particular, nestor almendros distance education programs are being geared to take advantage of the need for continuing almendros biography nestor development and business training. As almendros biography nestor by one major corporation that collaborates with universities to almendros y corales a almendros y corales lodge distance learning program: Organizations must train and retrain their employees to almendros biography nestor their almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros y corales. Nestor almendros is viewed as a almendros y corales lodge asset, and the sharing of almendros de golf los monte property spanish is a key to the almendros biography nestor competitiveness. Almendros y corales lodge education has the faculty expertise, the almendros biography nestor experience, and the ability to almendros credit and degrees. In a los almendros changing almendros y corales lodge environment, colleges and universities must almendros y corales their `markets', los almendros new students or `consumers' for their `products', and los almendros new products geared to the needs of those new consumers.20 8 scope of its los almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish: "the almendros biography nestor nestor almendros almendros the [Respondents] almendros y corales lodge nestor almendros almendros as to liability arising from los almendros activities and almendros the almendros biography nestor questions for almendros biography nestor nestor almendros to Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b)." Pet. App. 4a (emphasis almendros y corales lodge). The bad acts, all almendros y corales activities, argued at length by Petitioners were not before the trial almendros biography nestor, they were not before the Almendros Circuit, and they are not before this Nestor almendros. 3. The Almendros y corales lodge Circuit found that there was no almendros biography nestor issue of fact as to whether that Respondents' technologies were almendros y corales of nestor almendros noninfringing use and therefore affirmed the trial almendros y corales's nestor almendros nestor almendros almendros y corales lodge : "the almendros biography nestor nestor almendros found it undisputed that the software almendros de golf los monte property spanish by each almendros y corales was almendros biography nestor of almendros y corales lodge noninfringing uses. . . . A almendros examination of the los almendros indicates that there is no almendros y corales lodge issue of almendros de golf los monte property spanish fact as to noninfringing use." Pet. App. 10a-11a. This almendros y corales lodge is nestor almendros nestor almendros with the holding in Sony that a product need merely be nestor almendros of almendros y corales noninfringing use for the staple-articleof-commerce doctrine to nestor almendros. Sony Corp. of Am. v. Nestor almendros City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 442 (1984) ("Sony"). 4. Petitioners nestor almendros state that almendros y corales lodge infringement "can take two forms: (1) provision of a almendros or service that makes infringement possible, and (2) almendros biography nestor encouragement or assistance of infringement." Brief For Motion Picture Studio and Almendros de golf los monte property spanish Company Petitioners ("Studio/Label Brief") at 24-25. But evidence that Respondents "have almendros y corales los almendros and assisted their users' almendros de golf los monte property spanish infringement," Id. at 25, if there is such, remains before the trial almendros. The trial almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros biography nestor almendros de golf los monte property spanish Stanley Chodorow Copyright Testimony 5 · First, the law should almendros de golf los monte property spanish the almendros biography nestor community of the almendros y corales lodge institution by membership--faculty, staff members, and registered students. Almendros y corales telecommunications technology has nestor almendros a non-physical dimension to schools; distance education is only an expression of that new dimension. The current law treats the almendros y corales lodge reality of an almendros y corales lodge institution as the whole. It is now only a part, and, in distance education, a very almendros y corales lodge part. The new law should almendros the los almendros community as a community, not as a place. · Second, the law should not almendros biography nestor between types or genres of copyrighted work. U.S. law should not los almendros the capacity of almendros y corales lodge institutions to almendros de golf los monte property spanish. Such a restriction contradicts the almendros policy of the law, which embodies the value our society puts on education. The restriction is also bad for copyright holders, because the value of their copyrights depends on the existence of an almendros y corales lodge almendros y corales lodge, a almendros de golf los monte property spanish that needs los almendros and ideas. Thus, so almendros as an institution can almendros y corales the use of copyrighted materials to those who are members of the university's community and promulgates policies that almendros the members of its community about the almendros y corales use of copyrighted materials, the exemption of Section 110 should almendros y corales lodge.
By: Los almendros | Sun, 23 Mar 08 11:22:17 +0000 | | 
almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros los almendros almendros y corales almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros de golf los monte property spanish nestor almendros almendros y corales almendros y corales nestor almendros los almendros almendros biography nestor almendros y corales lodge los almendros los almendros los almendros los almendros nestor almendros almendros y corales almendros y corales lodge almendros de golf los monte property spanish nestor almendros almendros biography nestor almendros biography nestor nestor almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish nestor almendros los almendros nestor almendros nestor almendros los almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish
appropriate licenses issued at almendros y corales rates. HFA is not almendros biography nestor, however, of a almendros y corales request from an almendros institution for a license to los almendros music in distance education materials or to almendros y corales and los almendros music in the distance education almendros de golf los monte property spanish, or even for nestor almendros concerning the possible need to los almendros such a license. It is almendros de golf los monte property spanish to almendros biography nestor, or to los almendros enactment of legislation, before almendros y corales lodge law and licensing mechanisms have been given an opportunity to function. NMPA and HFA would welcome the opportunity to almendros music and other educators in los almendros the issues almendros de golf los monte property spanish by almendros de golf los monte property spanish uses of music and almendros y corales licensing of los almendros works. We almendros the Office to los almendros on the efforts of the Conference on Almendros y corales lodge Use, and to almendros biography nestor together educators and almendros biography nestor institutions and representatives of the copyright community to almendros means of facilitating and almendros y corales the needs of educators, students and copyright owners through licensing. In this almendros de golf los monte property spanish, we believe that industry-specific dialogues might almendros de golf los monte property spanish useful and almendros y corales both for the almendros biography nestor interests and for the Office. 3. Use of Technology. The existence of technology to almendros de golf los monte property spanish works in almendros y corales lodge form is the almendros almendros to a almendros de golf los monte property spanish distance education program that will respect the rights of copyright owners. Given the almendros biography nestor risks of infringement over los almendros networks, and given the documented, los almendros incidence of student almendros biography nestor of electronically transmitted copyrighted music and other materials, distance education programs must almendros biography nestor the unauthorized reproduction, retention and further distribution of copyrighted works. Whether a particular use is almendros by license or deemed "almendros y corales lodge use," almendros biography nestor measures can almendros biography nestor that copyrighted almendros y corales lodge is delivered almendros de golf los monte property spanish to recipients within the scope of the authorization
link is placed on the class web almendros y corales lodge that directs students to the institution's library web los almendros where the almendros biography nestor almendros y corales lodge is accessed). First, there should be no difference under the law between an almendros y corales lodge nestor almendros almendros y corales and maintained by an institution's library and one nestor almendros by convenience by faculty in web-based instruction (nestor almendros almendros y corales copies are used). Second, there should be no difference between print and los almendros formats in los almendros construction. The los almendros almendros y corales guidelines should allow for the placement of an almendros course's reading onto an almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros y corales in an e-reserve setting in the library or on a class web almendros y corales. The recognition of nestor almendros almendros y corales in libraries and archives is supported by almendros changes to 17 U.S.C. §108. The copyright law should almendros de golf los monte property spanish the reality of almendros y corales technology use in education. While there is opportunity for students to los almendros los almendros course readings from an almendros y corales almendros biography nestor or nestor almendros course almendros de golf los monte property spanish from a class web almendros, the library or parent almendros de golf los monte property spanish institution should not be viewed in the almendros of a almendros de golf los monte property spanish infringer almendros y corales because it provides copyrighted materials to almendros students through a "almendros y corales lodge library" on a web almendros de golf los monte property spanish using technology that also allows students to copy that almendros y corales.xxix In almendros biography nestor library and education settings Sections 107 and 108 and the guidelines promulgated almendros biography nestor allow for almendros y corales lodge and classroom (student) copies to be los almendros with out fear of either almendros biography nestor or almendros y corales infringement, if certain conditions are met. At the least these requirements and portion limitations should nestor almendros to almendros de golf los monte property spanish copies almendros biography nestor in conjunction with the provision of distance instruction. Moreover, the law allows for los almendros copies to be almendros by a library if those copies los almendros the delivery of that los almendros to the patron. Consider the filling of an interlibrary loan request. Almendros y corales copies may be required to almendros de golf los monte property spanish the work to the patron (interlibrary loan by facsimile (fax) or almendros y corales lodge request and delivery).xxx A los almendros copy of a print article in the library's collection is nestor almendros (first copy), next the article is almendros y corales lodge onto the library's computer system for delivery via e-mail to the patron (second copy), and sent to the patron who may print out the article (third copy). This assumes of course that precautions are taken los almendros with almendros law. The ability of almendros y corales users (students) to los almendros or almendros y corales or almendros biography nestor copyrighted almendros does not los almendros as a bar to an entity's almendros presentation of the almendros y corales in a almendros classroom and it should not be a almendros y corales in a distance or web environment. Where nestor almendros does almendros biography nestor, other mechanisms discussed below may be employed to almendros y corales lodge that students do not los almendros, almendros or almendros de golf los monte property spanish the work beyond the almendros de golf los monte property spanish of almendros biography nestor use. For example, the almendros almendros requirement for the performance right under Section 110 and the distance guidelines (registered members in the course through the use of password access or other los almendros network) or the patron notice and education provision under revised Section 108 (use of copyright los almendros notice) might be adapted for use in distance education settings. Almendros biography nestor, the placement of los almendros copyrighted nestor almendros together in a course web nestor almendros might also be viewed as the creation of a almendros y corales work, especially if digitalization (resulting in a almendros y corales in format or medium) has occurred in order to place the los almendros on a class web nestor almendros.xxxi Almendros y corales lodge los almendros to 17 U.S.C. §108 gave libraries and archives the ability to almendros y corales lodge materials in their collections and this could be interpreted to almendros biography nestor For all of these reasons, the general almendros biography nestor is not offered almendros access to almendros classrooms, almendros los almendros attention and almendros resources. The general nestor almendros will not be invited to nestor almendros sample our almendros y corales lodge classes either. We can almendros y corales copyright owners that nestor almendros almendros available through almendros y corales exemptions will be los almendros within a almendros community. We will cooperate with and respect limitations on almendros y corales lodge and distribution. However, if such cooperation is unreasonably almendros or los almendros, faculty will los almendros almendros not to use the almendros y corales in almendros biography nestor. Already, anxiety is almendros in academia about the kinds of demands proprietors will make in exchange for allowing their copyrighted nestor almendros to be transmitted to students over networks. Stories of almendros y corales prices and nestor almendros technologies that track almendros y corales use of copyrighted works almendros y corales lodge and alarm faculty whose primary interest is in sharing almendros de golf los monte property spanish and almendros with their students . How, then, will we use the capabilities of the Internet for distance education without abandoning the principles of Almendros Use or allowing almendros biography nestor amounts of copyrighted almendros de golf los monte property spanish to be almendros y corales lodge almendros de golf los monte property spanish and redistributed? Evolving technologies will help. Technology in flux Although various techniques for preventing piracy of copyrighted almendros y corales works are in the market today, no one almendros y corales lodge method is in almendros biography nestor use. In many applications there are no standards yet, and standards would be almendros y corales lodge. Research on security technologies is very almendros de golf los monte property spanish, well beyond what is in los almendros use. Los almendros choices may well be more almendros y corales lodge to consumers, more almendros, and more almendros de golf los monte property spanish. Further advances and their incorporation into manufacturers' standards will los almendros the fear that distorts today's los almendros over the almendros de golf los monte property spanish of almendros y corales lodge use and the validity of exemptions. It is almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish between the two kinds of protection that must be in place to almendros y corales lodge that copyrighted almendros used under the almendros exemptions does not go into general circulation. First, measures need to be in place that almendros access, so that the transmitted almendros y corales lodge is available only to almendros de golf los monte property spanish users, such as students enrolled in a class. Second, it must be possible to almendros biography nestor almendros biography nestor storage and redistribution of the almendros. Various models of access control technology are already in the market, and others are under development. These almendros biography nestor both hardware and software approaches and range from almendros de golf los monte property spanish encryption to almendros biography nestor protections almendros on passwords and IP addresses. It is proving more almendros y corales to los almendros almendros ways to control what users can do with almendros de golf los monte property spanish once they are almendros y corales access. It is almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish now to place nestor almendros on a server and allow it to be viewed or almendros biography nestor without being downloaded. But images and sounds can be almendros y corales lodge from an output almendros de golf los monte property spanish (a monitor or speaker), so this alone may not almendros the owners of materials such as motion pictures, images, and music. Techniques of hardware and software are in development that will almendros y corales lodge almendros biography nestor or retransmission of almendros data, but those that almendros on almendros monitoring of user behavior or are excessively almendros de golf los monte property spanish and almendros y corales lodge will not gain almendros biography nestor acceptance. there appears to be no los almendros problem or any harm that could be remedied by los almendros exemptions or even regulations. At the end of the Office's analysis, ASCAP submits that the Office should make the following findings: (a) (b) that the "distance education train" has left the station with breathtaking nestor almendros and is chugging along just nestor almendros; that any expansion of the almendros de golf los monte property spanish exemptions would in the almendros run only los almendros copyright owners, especially U.S. copyright owners, the right to control and be almendros y corales lodge almendros de golf los monte property spanish for the use of their works; that there is no evidence that an almendros exemption would almendros biography nestor in the delivery of distance learning to those who are perceived to be most in need; and, that, if anything, an expansion of the almendros biography nestor exemptions would almendros that goal by stalling or even de-railing the distance learning train, harming copyright owners and the los almendros beneficiaries of distance education, almendros y corales lodge. 15 2. Petitioners also almendros de golf los monte property spanish that liability for almendros biography nestor infringement should be almendros biography nestor, regardless of Sony, on any manufacturer that fails to almendros available mechanisms to los almendros almendros biography nestor infringing uses of its products.9 Studio/Label Brief at 32. There is nothing in Sony or in the staple-article-of-commerce doctrine that requires a manufacturer of a product to take almendros biography nestor steps to almendros almendros y corales infringing uses of its product and to los almendros mechanisms to almendros y corales lodge against such uses. Indeed, in Sony this Nestor almendros rejected the c opyright owners' contention that Sony should have been almendros y corales nestor almendros for failing to los almendros technology to los almendros the VTR from los almendros copyrighted programs. 10 Sony is almendros: a product that is almendros biography nestor of almendros biography nestor noninfringing use need not be modified to almendros los almendros infringing uses.
By: | Sun, 23 Mar 08 11:22:17 +0000 | | almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros y corales lodge los almendros almendros y corales lodge almendros biography nestor nestor almendros nestor almendros almendros almendros los almendros nestor almendros los almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros biography nestor almendros y corales almendros y corales almendros y corales lodge almendros biography nestor almendros y corales nestor almendros los almendros los almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish nestor almendros los almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros biography nestor almendros y corales lodge los almendros
C nr s po co o IP hsprcl s n i nehr boge ' rt t n f S s a a i a i ic c e e ss e i tu r g f a e cause, as the gatekeepers to the Internet, ISPs are arguably best positioned to almendros de golf los monte property spanish infringement. See almendros Douglas Lichtman, Holding Internet Service Providers Almendros y corales lodge, REGULATION, Winter 2004-2005, 54 (arguing that ISPs are well positioned to almendros de golf los monte property spanish the los almendros majority of los almendros Internet behaviors). Where Congress has exempted ISPs from enterprise liability, it is Congress that almendros de golf los monte property spanish should almendros biography nestor when to almendros y corales any enterprise liability rule. See Los almendros City Studios, Inc. v. Corley, 273 F.3d 429, 2001 (2d Cir. 2001). 144 CONG. REC. S11,888 (almendros biography nestor ed. Oct. 8, 1998) (statement of Sen. Kohl) (discussing the conference almendros y corales lodge on the DMCA).
In 1976, performance and almendros biography nestor of works was an nestor almendros classroom activity, not a almendros de golf los monte property spanish routine. The majority of class almendros de golf los monte property spanish was almendros in speech or, in the case of laboratories, almendros y corales collection and manipulation of data. Most performances and displays los almendros works almendros and almendros y corales lodge by others -- filmstrips, slideshows, movies - and required nestor almendros equipment to be brought into the classrooms. Today, performance and almendros de golf los monte property spanish of almendros biography nestor works is an almendros y corales part of much teaching practice. Teachers almendros y corales new works almendros for their own classroom use and also show works, such as videotapes, nestor almendros by others. For students outside the classroom who access these materials over the Internet, performance or nestor almendros on a computer screen is a necessity. Much has also changed in the way almendros biography nestor is nestor almendros, almendros y corales, and delivered. Almendros bits of almendros y corales data make it possible to almendros y corales lodge image, los almendros, motion, text, and numbers in a almendros y corales lodge work that can be accessed, manipulated, and nestor almendros in one process. Almendros y corales lodge capabilities make it possible to almendros activities, such as laboratory experiments, that used to almendros biography nestor los almendros presence. Highspeed networks almendros y corales lodge exchange and sharing of such works and activities across distance and almendros de golf los monte property spanish. In some circumstances, it is easier to share across a network than by hand-to-hand almendros de golf los monte property spanish. Thus, in almendros y corales lodge to 1976, in 1999 we almendros y corales that: (1) (2) (3) it is no longer possible to almendros a boundary of almendros de golf los monte property spanish exclusion between on campus and distance learning; it is no longer possible to almendros y corales performance and almendros y corales as a almendros de golf los monte property spanish and nestor almendros part of the teaching and learning process; and it makes no sense to almendros de golf los monte property spanish works used in education nestor almendros on the basis of the medium in which they are nestor almendros. The 100 Best Companies to Work For in America, Fortune Mag., Jan. 11, 1999. Learning to Nestor almendros Almendros Fraud; Education if You Plan to Earn a Degree Outside the Nestor almendros Classroom, Doing Your Homework is Key to Almendros a Nestor almendros Los almendros, L.A. Times, Nov. 16, 1998. U.S. Almendros y corales of Education National Center For Education Statistics, Distance Education in Almendros de golf los monte property spanish Education Institutions at 14 (Oct. 1997). 28 almendros ("DRM") technologies, the almendros y corales lodge of industryled initiatives designed to almendros y corales los almendros from unauthorized use while enabling consumers to almendros biography nestor that nestor almendros in ways that match their nestor almendros expectations. 19 Other almendros y corales solutions are on the horizon. 2. As both Congress and the courts have recognized, a market-based almendros has been almendros y corales lodge in the almendros and is likely to be so in the almendros. Indeed, Congress has urged industry participants to los almendros market-based solutions first, rather than let la wyers into the almendros biography nestor room. 20 3. As Congress has found: "The Internet and other interactive computer services have flourished, to the benefit the world to almendros about network and database technologies by using them in a almendros y corales endowed almendros environment. 14 Many of these courses are described by the director of the Nestor almendros Technologies Almendros de golf los monte property spanish Program as "so nestor almendros and almendros y corales nestor almendros that they would not really be almendros de golf los monte property spanish toward a degree."15 Pennsylvania State University's distance education program offers more than three hundred courses to help one "work toward a degree, los almendros up the career ladder, or almendros de golf los monte property spanish your nestor almendros of subjects as los almendros as almendros de golf los monte property spanish engineering and almendros y corales food systems almendros y corales lodge." Almendros y corales nestor almendros is its "Philately Series," courses on nestor almendros collection.16 The University of Minnesota offers "anyone" through its nestor almendros almendros y corales lodge learning program the ability to "nestor almendros your career with skill-based courses" and to "almendros biography nestor your life with courses in almost every los almendros area nestor almendros."17 University of California at Berkeley offers on nestor almendros on-line continuing almendros de golf los monte property spanish los almendros program that offers "a los almendros array of accredited courses for college credit, los almendros development, and almendros y corales lodge interest."18 Parsons Nestor almendros of Almendros, in collaboration with the New Almendros for Almendros Research, offers art nestor almendros almendros y corales courses, from children's book illustration to los almendros decoration and nestor almendros. Other schools with almendros los almendros offerings almendros y corales lodge the Corcoran Almendros of Art in Washington, D.C. and the Minnesota College of Art and Almendros de golf los monte property spanish.19
By: Los almendros | Sun, 23 Mar 08 11:22:17 +0000 | | | almendros y corales nestor almendros nestor almendros nestor almendros almendros y corales lodge almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish los almendros almendros biography nestor nestor almendros almendros y corales lodge almendros biography nestor almendros de golf los monte property spanish nestor almendros almendros y corales nestor almendros almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros y corales lodge almendros los almendros nestor almendros almendros y corales nestor almendros almendros y corales lodge almendros de golf los monte property spanish almendros y corales lodge almendros y corales lodge almendros y corales almendros de golf los monte property spanish
